1. What is fragile should break early while it is still small. Nothing should ever become too big to fail. Evolution in economic life helps those with the maximum amount of hidden risks — and hence the most fragile — become the biggest.
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Then we will see an economic life closer to our biological environment: smaller companies, richer ecology, no leverage.
A sensible plan, but unfortunately Mr. Taleb’s faith in biology is misplaced.
Why the Dinosaurs got so Large 19th-century palaeontologist Edward Drinker Cope noticed that animal lineages tend to get bigger over evolutionary time, starting out small and leaving ever bigger descendants. This process came to be known as Cope’s rule.
Getting bigger has evolutionary advantages, explains David Hone, an
expert on Cope’s rule at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and
Paleoanthropology in Beijing, China. “You are harder to predate and it
is easier for you to fight off competitors for food or for mates.” But
eventually it catches up with you. “We also know that big animals are
generally more vulnerable to extinction,” he says. Larger animals eat
more and breed more slowly than smaller ones, so their problems are
greater when times are tough and food is scarce. “Many of the very
large mammals, such as Paraceratherium, had a short tenure in the
fossil record, while smaller species often tend to be more
persistent,” says mammal palaeobiologist Christine Janis of Brown
University in Providence, Rhode Island. So on one hand natural
selection encourages animals to grow larger, but on the other it
eventually punishes them for doing so. This equilibrium between
opposing forces has prevented most land animals from exceeding about 10 tonnes.
Dinosaurs had skewed incentives and took on too much tail risk! If even evolution falls into this trap, God help the bank regulators…
I was at a lunch talk today by Nick Bostrom, of Oxford’s Future of Humanity Institute. The institute has an unusual mandate to consider the really big picture: human extinction risks, truly disruptive technologies such as cognitive enhancement, life extension and brain emulation, and other issues too large for most people to take seriously. It was a pleasure to hear someone thinking clearly and precisely, in the manner of a good philosopher, about topics that are usually the preserve of crackpots. Prof Bostrom’s website is a treasure trove of papers. An atypical but perhaps robot-relevant example is the Whole Brain Emulation Roadmap.
I’ve been blown away by Dropbox. It’s such a simple thing – online storage easily shared between different computers. The concept is simple, but there are so many ways to do it wrong. With Dropbox, the execution is pretty near perfect.
Amazon AWS has made scaling so easy that great little tools like this are suddenly popping up everywhere.
Check out this great TED talk by UC Berkeley biologist Robert Full. His subject is feet – or rather, all the clever ways animals have evolved to turn leg power into forward motion.
It’s a short, fun talk, and rather nicely makes the point that the secret to success for many of nature’s creations resides not in sensing or intelligence, but in good mechanical design. The nice thing about this is that nature’s mechanical innovations are much easier to duplicate than her neurological ones. The talk ends with examples of robotic applications, such as Boston Dynamics’ cockroach-inspired RHex and Stanford’s gecko-inspired climbing robots.